Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Managing it often requires long-term medical therapy tailored to the severity and location of inflammation. If you’ve been diagnosed with Crohn’s, understanding your medication options can help you feel more informed and in control of your care plan.
Here’s a helpful breakdown of the most common Crohn’s disease medications:
1. Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs)
These drugs reduce inflammation in the lining of the intestines and are often used in mild to moderate cases.
Examples include:
- Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
- Mesalamine (Asacol, Pentasa, Lialda)
They are typically taken orally or rectally and work best when inflammation is located in the colon.
2. Corticosteroids
Used for short-term relief of moderate to severe flare-ups, corticosteroids reduce immune system activity and inflammation. However, due to their potential side effects, they are not recommended for long-term use.
Examples include:
- Prednisone
- Budesonide (Entocort EC, Uceris)
3. Immunomodulators
These medications suppress the immune system to prevent it from attacking the GI tract. They may take several weeks to begin working and are often used for maintenance therapy.
Examples include:
- Azathioprine (Imuran)
- Mercaptopurine (Purinethol)
- Methotrexate
4. Biologic Therapies
Biologics target specific proteins involved in the inflammatory process and are often prescribed for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease that hasn’t responded to other treatments.
Common types include:
- Anti-TNF agents: Infliximab (Remicade), Adalimumab (Humira), Certolizumab (Cimzia)
- Anti-integrins: Natalizumab (Tysabri), Vedolizumab (Entyvio)
- Anti-interleukins: Ustekinumab (Stelara)
Biologics are typically administered via injection or IV infusion.
5. Antibiotics
While not a first-line treatment, antibiotics may be used to treat infections or complications such as abscesses or fistulas in Crohn’s disease.
Examples include:
- Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
6. Supportive Medications
In addition to primary treatment, some patients may require medications to manage symptoms such as diarrhea, pain, or nutritional deficiencies.
These may include:
- Antidiarrheals (e.g., loperamide)
- Pain relievers (non-NSAID options)
- Iron, vitamin B12, and calcium supplements
When to Talk to a Specialist
Developing an effective treatment plan for Crohn’s disease varies from person to person—what benefits one individual may not be suitable for another. If you’re experiencing frequent flare-ups, side effects, or changes in symptoms, it may be time to reevaluate your medication with a gastroenterologist.
Need Help Managing Crohn’s Disease?
At Digestive Disease Consultants of Orange County, our specialists provide customized care plans using the latest therapies for Crohn’s disease. Schedule a consultation today to find the treatment that’s right for you.
